Once Meteor is built for production, it is a standard nodejs app. So launching it with node is the correct way to run it.
The issue with Fibers looks to be because the version it was built for (Node 8.11.x <- bundled with Meteor 1.7) mismatches with the version that is installed.
Because of the mismatch, it attempts to rebuild Fibers from source, which fails because the build tools are missing
Then the issue with destructuring syntax const { pause } = require("./debug.js"); is also because it’s running an old version of Node that doesn’t support those language features.
For any Meteor deployment, you should try to match the Nodejs version to the version that ships with that Meteor version, which for Meteor 1.7.x is Node 8.11.x